This decision concerns an evaluation of vehicle driving skills. In the first instance Examining division refused the application not inventive. The applicant argued the invention provides guidelines on which characteristics the driver shall focus first in order to enhance proper driving operation. The Board disagreed and considered the main request did not credibly assist the driver, as the driver had no idea how to interpret the result.
The applicant then amended the claims to include the message given to the driver to require enhancement of the score. The Board considered the feature credibly assists the driver in performing the technical task of proper operation of the vehicle (technical system) by a continued and guided human-machine interaction process in which instruction is given to the driver specifying how to enhance the vehicle stability.
Here are the practical takeaways from the decision T 2206/21 of October 28, 2022, of the Technical Board of Appeal 3.2.01.
Key takeaways
Assisting the driver in performing the technical task of proper operation of the underlying technical system – i.e. the vehicle – by prioritizing the enhancement of its vehicle stability driving skills with respect to the turning performance of the vehicle, and by a continued and guided human-machine interaction process in which instruction is given to the driver specifying how to operate, i.e. by enhancing the vehicle stability.
The fact that the driver can try to realize how to improve or worsen the overall evaluation result of its driving skills as displayed by changing its driving behaviour and check the output displayed goes beyond the method according to claim 1 and represents a mental activity of the driver as such.
The invention
The invention concerns the evaluation of vehicle driving skills. The vehicle, such as a motorcycle, is provided with sensors and increasing the vehicle stability score and the turning performance score cause enhanced driving skills.
However, in conventional systems, due to the method of determination, the driver is not always required to enhance both the vehicle stability score and turning performance score to the same extent throughout a course of enhancing the driving skills. Thus an improved driving score does not always indicate an improvement in all aspects (vehicle stability, turning performance).
The invention aims to improve the scoring to account for such incorrect determinations. This is achieved by decreasing the overall evaluation if the first value is lower than the threshold (previous determination), even if the second value is higher, and only increasing the overall evaluation if the first value is higher than the threshold.
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Claim 1 of Main Request
Is it patentable?
In the first instance, the Examination Division refused the European patent application on the grounds that the claims lacked an inventive step in view of document D1 (WO 2013/099246) and document D2 (EP 2 517 952 A1).
The Board identified the distinguishing feature as follows:
1.3 However, in the method of D1 the overall evaluation is carried out by calculating a weighted sum of the first and second evaluation results on the vehicle driving skills (see para. 44 of D1). This calculation falls under a conversion function as in claim 1 which is inevitably stored in the memory of the apparatus of D1 and generated empirically or experimentally (feature c). According to the application, priority is given to the first evaluation result when it is lower than a threshold (with a negative contribution to the overall result of an improvement in the second result) and when the first evaluation is higher than a threshold an improvement of the second value contributes positively to the overall result (feature d).
Consequently and in contrast to the conclusions of the Examining Division, the method of claim 1 only differs from that of D1 on account of the feature defining how the overall evaluation result is obtained (feature d).
The Board then considered the distinguishing feature as non-technical of the following reason.
1.4 As correctly assessed by the Examining Division (see point 2.1.1.4.1 of the contested decision), this distinguishing feature is non-technical: it is of mathematical nature as it relates to calculated values or functions (Article 52(2)(a) EPC). Thus, the feature could only contribute to the acknowledgement of an inventive step if it provided a technical effect together with the other features of claim 1. It pertains to the case law of the Boards of appeal that the output of such calculated values (analogously to presentation of information, Article 52(2)(d) EPC) might exceptionally contribute to the technical character of an invention if it can be assessed that it credibly assists the user (i.e. the driver) in performing a technical task by means of a continued and guided human-machine interaction process (question related to “why” the content is presented – see T 336/14, point 1.2.4; T 1802/13 page 10, second full paragraph; T 1091/17 point 1.7). This cannot be acknowledged here for the following reasons.
The Board disagreed with the argument of the applicant as it considered the claimed effect was not credibly achieved:
1.5 The appellant formulated the technical task as being that of assisting the driver in operating the vehicle in such a way that a more appropriate operation of the vehicle is achieved. Further, the overall evaluation result that considers the first and second evaluation result as input represented the presentation of the internal state of a technical system (the vehicle), since the latter results inevitably related to the state of the vehicle. The method according to claim 1 provided thus an objective guideline, based on the measured data related to the state of the driving system, on which characteristics the driver shall focus first in order to enhance proper driving operation. By outputting the obtained overall evaluation result, the user was reliably guided to operate the vehicle in line with the priority established by the vehicle itself.
However, the overall evaluation result displayed in the output device and obtained from the conversion map and/or conversion function according to feature d does not contain any indications of which of the first and second results have been given a priority for its obtaining. Accordingly, the driver has no idea as to which characteristics of its driving he shall give more focus by simply reading the overall evaluation result output since he does not know how to interpret the result, as pointed out by the Examining Division in the impugned decision. The method merely obtains and displays an overall evaluation vehicle driving skills result according to a specific criterion applied to two evaluation results on vehicle driving skills based on unspecified measured data. No guidance nor feedback is presented, let alone in real time. The method does not provide any feedback on proper operation of the vehicle but only an overall evaluation on the driving skills.
The fact that the driver can try to realize how to improve or worsen the overall evaluation result of its driving skills as displayed by changing its driving behaviour and check the output displayed goes beyond the method according to claim 1 and represents a mental activity of the driver as such.
Finally, it cannot be said from the wording of claim 1 whether the overall evaluation result presents the state of the technical system “vehicle”. The overall evaluation result is obtained from the first and second evaluation results on vehicle driving skills and accordingly do not represent the state of the vehicle. Further, the first and second evaluation results are based on measured data. Such data is also not specified as being related to the state of the vehicle.
1.6 Consequently, the mathematical method and the output of its results according to claim 1 does not credibly assists the driver in performing a technical task by means of a continued and guided human-machine interaction process and accordingly lacks technical character.
Is the Auxiliary Request patentable?
However, the Applicant amended the claim in the Auxiliary Request (4A) to overcome the objection:
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Claim 1 of Amended Request (4A)
The claim was amended by including the following features:
3.3 The subject-matter of claim 1 of auxiliary request 4A differs from the method of D1 or D2 on account of feature d mentioned above and further on account of the following features:
the conversion information defines the overall characteristic score (G) in such a way that the overall characteristic score (G) increases as the first evaluation result increases,
such that when the vehicle stability score (Sv) is lower than the threshold (b), a message is given to the driver to require selective enhancement of only the vehicle stability score.
The Board then agreed with the applicant that the feature now credibly achieves the technical effect:
3.4 The Board is satisfied that with this added features the method credibly assists the driver in performing the technical task of proper operation of the underlying technical system – i.e. the vehicle – by prioritizing the enhancement of its vehicle stability driving skills with respect to the turning performance of the vehicle, and by a continued and guided human-machine interaction process in which instruction is given to the driver specifying how to operate, i.e. by enhancing the vehicle stability.
3.5 The Examining Division argued regarding the above mentioned feature that the calculation of the overall score was not linked to the feedback message given to the driver and to the action required from the driver since the provided message only depended on the stability score alone. The calculated overall score played no role in the message provided to the driver.
However, according the above mentioned features of claim 1 the threshold used for the condition of giving a message to the driver regarding the vehicle stability score is that used for the calculation of the overall characteristic score. Accordingly, the overall score is linked to the message given to the driver and to the action required from him. Furthermore, the overall characteristic score is given to the driver via the output device together with a message instructing the driver to enhance the vehicle stability.
Such a specific guidance prioritizing the vehicle stability until a specific stability is reached over its turning performance for properly operating the vehicle is neither taught nor rendered obvious by D1 or D2. These documents merely present the vehicle stability score, the turning performance score and/or the overall characteristic score without any guidance to the driver.
Accordingly, the subject-matter of claim 1 is not rendered obvious by any of the methods disclosed in D1 and D2.
Therefore, the Board decided that the subject-matter of claims is technical and inventive.
More information
You can read the full decision here: T 2206/21 of October 28, 2022, of the Technical Board of Appeal 3.2.01.